Manmohan Singh passed away at the age of 92. Photo: PTI Manmohan Singh passed away at the age of 92. Photo: PTI

India’s fourteenth Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh passed away on Thursday at the age of 92. He was admitted to the AIIMS Delhi’s emergency unit after his health deteriorated. Singh, born on September 26, 1932, in Gah, Punjab (now in Pakistan), was one of the most prominent economic and financial experts and political figures of the country.

Before becoming the prime minister in 2004, Singh worked as an economic advisor, deputy chairman of the erstwhile planning commission, deputy governor in the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), chief economic adviser to the Government of India and other notable posts. One of his notable works was his tenure as the Finance Minister under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao’s government in 1991 when he launched the liberalization privatization and globalization (LPG) reforms in 1991.

Below is a detailed timeline of his life and career:

Birth And Early Life

Singh was born in Gah, a village in present-day Pakistan, to a Sikh family on September 26, 1932. After the partition of India in 1947, Singh and his family migrated to India, settling in Amritsar, Punjab where he completed his schooling and later moved to Delhi for higher education.

In 1952, he pursued bachelor's degree in Economics from Panjab University in Chandigarh and later completed his master's degree in Economics from the University of Cambridge in the UK from 1954 to 1957. Post that, he earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics from the University of Oxford.

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Career

From 1957 to 1965, Singh worked as a lecturer in Economics at Panjab University, Chandigarh. Later from 1969 to 1971, Singh worked as the professor of International Trade at Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University. And later for a year from 1971 to 1972, he was the economic adviser with the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

With his master over the craft, in 1976 he was appointed as the Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, contributing to the economic policy-making process. In 1982, Singh returned to RBI as a Deputy Governor.

Three years later, he was appointed as the Secretary in the Ministry of Finance and in 1987 he became the Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs in the Ministry of Finance.

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As The Finance Minister

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The 1990s were a pivotal time for the Indian economy and Singh was then the finance minister under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao’s government. He was the architect of India's landmark economic reforms, which later turned the economic landscape of India. One of the most notable contributions of Singh was the liberalization, privatization and globalization policy reforms or the LPG, which opened the economic doors of India to the foreign world.

Under his leadership as the FM, India witnessed substantial economic growth, moving from a closed, highly regulated economy to a market-driven one. He also worked to control India's fiscal deficit and stabilised the economy by adopting sound macroeconomic policies.

As The PM

Singh became the 14th Prime Minister of India after the Congress Party’s victory in the general elections of 2004.

During his tenure, India experienced robust economic growth, averaging 8–9 per cent GDP growth per year. In 2005, Singh was instrumental in the landmark civil nuclear deal with the United States, which allowed India to access nuclear technology despite not being a signatory to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

Singh’s government emphasised rural development, social security programs, and the implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), which guarantees employment for rural workers.

In 2009, he was re-elected as Prime Minister after the Congress Party won the general elections again. His second term continued the focus on inclusive economic growth and managing the global financial crisis of 2008.

While remaining a Member of Parliament (MP) from 2014 to 2019, he largely stayed out of the public spotlight, occasionally commenting on key national issues such as economic reforms, the state of the Indian economy, and global affairs.

Throughout his career, Singh earned numerous accoladesextreme gaming 88, including India’s second-highest civilian honor, the Padma Vibhushan (1987), the Asia Money Award for Finance Minister of the Year (1993, 1994), and the Euro Money Award for Finance Minister of the Year (1993). He was also the recipient of honorary degrees from several prestigious universities, including Cambridge and Oxford.